Statement
Bonn 26/09/2024
Surface air Temperature data based on the ECMWF Copernicus Climate Change Service’s ERA5 reanalysis dataset and the E-OBS in situ dataset.
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) data are from ERA5. Note that ERA5 SSTs are estimates of the ocean temperature at about 10m depth (known as foundation temperature). The results may differ from other SST products providing temperature estimates at different depths, such as 20cm depth for NOAA’s OISST.
Heat stress data are based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) from the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis dataset.
Precipitation data are based on the E-OBS in situ dataset. River flow data are from the EFAS v5 hydrological reanalysis dataset.
Regional area averages quoted here are the following longitude/latitude bounds:
Europe, 25°W-40°E, 34°N-72°N, over land surfaces only.
Southeastern Europe, 15–30°E, 39–46°N, over land surfaces only.
More information about the ERA5 reanalysis data can be foundhere.
More information about the E-OBS in situ data can be foundhere.
More information about the EFAS version 5 hydrological reanalysis can be foundhere.
Information on national records and impacts:
Information on national records and impacts are based on national and regional reports. For details see the respective temperature and hydrologicalC3S climate bulletinfor the month.
C3S has followed the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to use the most recent 30-year period for calculating climatological averages and changed to the reference period of 1991-2020 for its C3S Climate Bulletins covering January 2021 onward.
More information on the reference period used can be foundhere.
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